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101.
Silvia Perea Madelaine Böhme Primož Zupančič Jörg Freyhof Radek Šanda Müfit Özuluğ Asghar Abdoli Ignacio Doadrio 《BMC evolutionary biology》2010,10(1):265
Background
Leuciscinae is a subfamily belonging to the Cyprinidae fish family that is widely distributed in Circum-Mediterranean region. Many efforts have been carried out to deciphering the evolutionary history of this group. Thus, different biogeographical scenarios have tried to explain the colonization of Europe and Mediterranean area by cyprinids, such as the "north dispersal" or the "Lago Mare dispersal" models. Most recently, Pleistocene glaciations influenced the distribution of leuciscins, especially in North and Central Europe. Weighing up these biogeographical scenarios, this paper constitutes not only the first attempt at deciphering the mitochondrial and nuclear relationships of Mediterranean leuciscins but also a test of biogeographical hypotheses that could have determined the current distribution of Circum-Mediterranean leuciscins. 相似文献102.
103.
Calcutta A Jessen CM Behrens MA Oliveira CL Renart ML González-Ros JM Otzen DE Pedersen JS Malmendal A Nielsen NC 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2012,1818(9):2290-2301
Membrane proteins are vital for biological function, and their action is governed by structural properties critically depending on their interactions with the membranes. This has motivated considerable interest in studies of membrane protein folding and unfolding. Here the structural changes induced by unfolding of an integral membrane protein, namely TFE-induced unfolding of KcsA solubilized by the n-dodecyl β-d-maltoside (DDM) surfactant is investigated by the recently introduced GPS-NMR (Global Protein folding State mapping by multivariate NMR) (Malmendal et al., PlosONE 5, e10262 (2010)) along with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). GPS-NMR is used as a tool for fast analysis of the protein unfolding processes upon external perturbation, and DLS and SAXS are used for further structural characterization of the unfolding states. The combination allows addressing detergent properties and protein conformations at the same time. The mapping of the states reveals that KcsA undergoes a series of rearrangements which include expansion of the tetramer in several steps followed by dissociation into monomers at 29% TFE. Supplementary studies of DDM and TFE in the absence of KcsA suggest that the disintegration of the tetramer at 29% TFE is caused by TFE dissolving the surrounding DDM rim. Above 34% TFE, KcsA collapses to a new structure that is fully formed at 44% TFE. 相似文献
104.
The implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis is a treatment of choice for displaced medial femoral neck fracture. We present an experimental study which asses and compare biomechanical and clinical status through period before and after hip fracture and implantation of bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis. This study encompassed 75 patients who suffered from an acute medial femoral neck fracture and were treated with the implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis. Their biomechanical status (stress distribution on the hip joint weight bearing area) and clinical status (Harris Hip Score) were estimated for the time prior to the injury and assessed at the follow-up examination that was, on average, carried out 40 months after the operation. Despite ageing, the observed Harris Hip Score at the follow-up examination was higher than that estimated prior to the injury (77.9 > 69.6; p = 0.006). Similarly, the hip stress distribution was reduced (2.7 MPa < 2.3 MPa; p = 0.001). While this reduction can be attributed to a loss of weight due to late ageing, the principal improvement came from the operative treatment and corresponding restoration of the biomechanical properties of the hip joint. The implantation of a bipolar partial hip endoprosthesis for patients with displaced medial femoral neck fractures improves the biomechanical and clinical features of the hip, what should have on mind during making decision about treatment. 相似文献
105.
Manja Coopmans 《Ethnic and racial studies》2013,36(12):2037-2054
This paper studies to what extent participating in days for national commemoration and celebration is associated with feelings of national belonging, and to what extent this is comparable across generations and ethnic groups. Utilizing data from a national survey (N = 4,505), three major national days in the Netherlands are examined. We find that whereas participation in Queen's Day is associated with national belonging for all generations, for Remembrance Day this holds only for the generation born between 1945 and 1955, and for Liberation Day for the generations born after 1955. Moreover, for citizens with a non-Western origin, participating in national days is associated with national belonging more strongly than for citizens with a native Dutch or other Western background. These findings highlight the importance of paying attention to potential group differences in the association between participation in national days and feelings of national belonging. 相似文献
106.
Ulrike Schulz Antje Grossmann Manja Witetschek Christian Lemmerhirt Marcus Polzin Beate Haertel Heike Wanka Olaf Morgenstern 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2013,21(17):5518-5531
The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a target of great research interest due to its importance in a number of diseases, for example, septic shock and inflammatory lung diseases. A variety of 3-substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[1,2-a]pyridazine derivatives was synthesized by ring closure with hexahydropyridazine-1-carbothioamide by using aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. The activity of the new substances was tested on the insulin-secreting rat insulinoma cell line RINm5F. iNOS was expressed through exposure to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). A number of the investigated compounds were more active than the reference inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG). Structure–activity relationships showed that a phenyl substituent in position 3 is apparently essential for inhibition. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Behrens MA Botkjaer KA Goswami S Oliveira CL Jensen JK Schar CR Declerck PJ Peterson CB Andreasen PA Pedersen JS 《Journal of molecular biology》2011,411(2):417-429
A key regulatory step for serine proteases of the trypsin clan is activation of the initially secreted zymogens, leading to an increase in activity by orders of magnitude. Zymogen activation occurs by cleavage of a single peptide bond near the N-terminus of the catalytic domain. Besides the catalytic domain, most serine proteases have N-terminal A-chains with independently folded domains. Little is known about how zymogen activation affects the interplay between domains. This question is investigated with urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which has an epidermal growth factor domain and a kringle domain, connected to the catalytic domain by a 15-residue linker. uPA has been implicated under several pathological conditions, and one possibility for pharmacological control is targeting the conversion of the zymogen pro-uPA to active uPA. Therefore, a small-angle X-ray scattering study of the conformations of pro-uPA and uPA in solution was performed. Structural models for the proteins were derived using available atomic-resolution structures for the various domains. Active uPA was found to be flexible with a random conformation of the amino-terminal fragment domain with respect to the serine protease domain. In contrast, pro-uPA was observed to be rigid, with the amino-terminal fragment domain in a fixed position with respect to the serine protease domain. Analytical ultracentrifugation analysis supported the observed difference between pro-uPA and uPA in overall shape and size seen with small-angle X-ray scattering. Upon association of either of two monoclonal Fab (fragment antigen-binding) fragments that are directed against the catalytic domain of, respectively, pro-uPA and uPA, rigid structures were formed. 相似文献
110.
In superficial umbrella cells of normal urothelium, uroplakins (UPs) are assembled into urothelial plaques, which form fusiform
vesicles (FVs) and microridges of the apical cell surface. Altered urothelial differentiation causes changes in the cell surface
structure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural localization of UPIa, UPIb, UPII and UPIIIa in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced
preneoplastic mouse urothelium. In normal urothelium, terminally differentiated umbrella cells expressed all four UPs, which
were localized to the large urothelial plaques covering mature FVs and the apical plasma membrane. The preneoplastic urothelium
contained two types of superficial cells with altered differentiation: (1) poorly differentiated cells with microvilli and
small, round vesicles that were uroplakin-negative; no urothelial plaques were observed in these cells; (2) partially differentiated
cells with ropy ridges contained uroplakin-positive immature fusiform vesicles and the apical plasma membrane. Freeze-fracturing
showed small urothelial plaques in these cells. We concluded that in normal urothelium, all four UPs colocalize in urothelial
plaques. However, in preneoplastic urothelium, the growth of the uroplakin plaques was hindered in the partially differentiated
cells, leading to the formation of immature FVs and ropy ridges instead of mature FVs and microridges. Our study demonstrates
that despite a lower level of expression, UPIa, UPIb, UPII and UPIIIa maintain their plaque association in urothelial preneoplastic
lesions. 相似文献